Dictation contains a wealth of new techniques to extend the traditional language-learning activity of dictation. The authors present some thought-provoking answers to such apparently simple questions as: Who chooses the text? Who dictates? Who corrects? What and how do they correct? The activities range from traditional focuses on spelling and punctuation problems to exercise that emphasize personal attitudes and opinions of both teachers and students. Dictation provides: activities suitable for a wide range of levels and ages; example texts for many activities, with permission to copy; opportunities for students to create their own texts; a variety of suggested correction techniques; suggestions for using dictation in teacher training.

Traditionally, the curriculum has been regarded as a statement of what should be done in a course of study. The Learner-Centred Curriculum takes as its starting point what is done by language teachers in their classes. Nunan develops a concept of the negotiated model in which the curriculum is a collaboration between teachers and students. The author looks at the curriculum from a teacher's perspective and reports on what instructors focus on in planning, implementing, and evaluating language courses. He synthesizes theoretical models and recent empirical studies, and considers the vital part by curriculum design in coordinating the many aspects of language teaching.

This text focuses on the skills and processes necessary for understanding statistical research in language learning Designed for language teachers with no previous background in statistics, the paperback edition focuses on the skills and processes necessary for understanding statistical research in language learning. Brown explains the basic terms of statistics, the structure and organization of statistical research reports, the system of statistical logic, and how to decipher tables, charts, and graphs. By the end of the book, readers will be able to make knowledgeable judgments about the relative qualities of a study and to assess the value of the results of a study in relation to a specific language teaching situation.

This important new book provides a critical overview of recent classroom-centered research and its implications for the teaching and learning of languages. Chaudron synthesizes and evaluates crucial research about the way student and teacher behaviours affect language learning and discusses research methods. Second Language Classrooms will be of vital interest to researchers, language teachers, and curriculum specialists, as well as readers with a general interest in education, linguistics, sociology, or psychology.

Intonation in Context is for upper-intermediate and advanced learners of English who want to improve their intonation. It aims to make learners aware of the main features of intonation and provides enjoyable activities for both controlled and freer practice in a range of conversational situations. Intonation is presented as a system which has an important communicative function in any interaction between speaker and listener. Learners first explore the meaning conveyed by the parts of this system before going on to a variety of production exercises. The book is intended to be used alongside any general coursebook to provide a systematic and accessible introduction to this often neglected area of pronunciation. The easy-to-follow explanations assume no specialist knowledge of the subject and the accompanying cassette provides clear models, making this an excellent choice for both classroom use and self-study.

In this remarkably wide-ranging book Professor Lowenthal analyses the ever-changing role of the past in shaping our lives. A heritage at once nurturing and burdensome, the past allows us to make sense of the present whilst imposing powerful constraints upon the way that present develops. Some aspects of the past are celebrated, others expunged, as each generation reshapes its legacy in line with current needs. Drawing on all the arts, the humanities and the social sciences, the author uses sources as diverse as science fiction and psychoanalysis to examine how rebellion against inherited tradition has given rise to the modern cult of preservation and pervasive nostalgia. Profusely illustrated, The Past is a Foreign Country shows that although the past has ceased to be a sanction for inherited power or privilege, as a focus of personal and national identity and as a bulwark against massive and distressing change it remains as potent a force as ever in human affairs.

Intonation in Context is for upper-intermediate and advanced learners of English who want to improve their intonation. It aims to make learners aware of the main features of intonation and provides enjoyable activities for both controlled and freer practice in a range of conversational situations. Intonation is presented as a system which has an important communicative function in any interaction between speaker and listener. Learners first explore the meaning conveyed by the parts of this system before going on to a variety of production exercises. The book is intended to be used alongside any general coursebook to provide a systematic and accessible introduction to this often neglected area of pronunciation. The easy-to-follow explanations assume no specialist knowledge of the subject and the accompanying cassette provides clear models, making this an excellent choice for both classroom use and self-study.

This is a practical guide to designing and using oral tests of language ability. It is for teachers, testers, course designers and educational planners. The organisation follows the sequence of stages in which a new testing programme would logically be carried out. It takes the reader through the testing process, giving practical examples and discussing the issues involved at each stage. Testing Spoken Language removes testing from the realm of the specialist and presents it as an integral part of a language learning programme. It describes the range of test-types and discusses their suitability for different aims and resources; lists over fifty oral test techniques and variations, with comments on each; integrates the marking system into the process of test design; and provides suggestions for monitoring and improving a test once it is in use.

This is a practical guide for practising teachers of English and teachers in training. It offers teachers a rationale and a variety of imaginative techniques for integrating literature work with language teaching. It is divided into three sections: Part I discusses the questions: Why teach literature? What should we teach? How should we teach it?; Part II outlines and illustrates a wealth of student-centred class and homework activities appropriate to each stage of the study of a literary work. Detailed descriptions of the activities are accompanied by numerous sample worksheets; Part III demonstrates techniques for working with complete texts, and shows how the activities outlined in Part II can be applied to particular novels, plays, short stories and poems. All activities described have been used successfully with a wide range of classes from intermediate level up.

Recognizing that teachers are often involved in planning and developing courses as part of their responsibilities, the authors of this book have set out to describe the factors which must be considered in constructing courses and materials. They cover: the fact-finding stage, establishing realistic goals, surveying existing programmes, realizing goals through instructional plans, selecting the shape of the syllabus, and considerations involved in constructing communicative curricula and syllabuses. All of these aspects are considered against current theories of language learning. Examples of different types of materials are discussed, and the process of creating materials is described as the link between the syllabus and the audience. The book ends with a survey of the practical issues involved in organizing writing projects. The book is intended for teachers (and teachers in training) who may be involved in course planning and materials development either on a larger scale, or simply within their own institution.

Teachers and writers describe the approaches and techniques they have incorporated into their own teaching. The paperback edition is designed to help classroom teachers make language classes more participatory and communication oriented. A distinguished group of innovative teachers and writers describe, in a collection of essays, the approaches and techniques they have incorporated into their own teaching.

This is a practical guide for teachers on how to select, organise and teach vocabulary to all levels of students. It discusses the linguistic and psychological theories relevant to vocabulary learning, describes with clear examples traditional and current methods of presentation and practice, and suggests ways of assessing and supplementing the vocabulary component of coursebooks. Working with Words is an ideal resource for practising teachers and teachers in training.

This book is designed to give language teachers a basis for introducing a cultural component into their teaching. The paperback edition is a collection of selected essays that attempts to provide language teachers with a basis for introducing a cultural component into their teaching. It includes essays written especially for the volume, as well as some that have been previously published.

This is a practical guide to communication activities in the language classroom, suitable for use with students from elementary to advanced level. Part I contains instructions for over 100 different exercises, including interviews, guessing games, jigsaw tasks, problem solving, values clarification techniques, mime, role play and story telling. For each activity, notes are also provided on the linguistic and educational aims, the level, organisation, time and preparation required. Part II contains the accompanying worksheets, which can be copied, making many of the activities instantly available for use in class. A comprehensive table of activities and an index are included for ease of reference.

Provides a wide variety of interesting and up to date reading material from British and American sources. It also offers challenging exercises and concentrates on developing rather than testing reading ability. This is the teacher text which accompanies the student text.

Teaching Listening Comprehension is about developing listening comprehension skills in the language classroom. In Part I, some essential background issues are dealt with. The author defines the characteristics of real-life listening, analyses the problems encountered by language learners, and discusses the considerations involved in planning successful classroom listening practice. Part II contains a wide variety of exercise types. The activities range in level from elementary to advanced and illustrate techniques appropriate for both adults and children. The exercises can be used as they stand or they can serve as models for teachers who wish to design their own materials.

In these essays, written (with one exception) between 1978 and 1982, Immanuel Wallerstein elaborates on the political and theoretical implications of the world-systems perspective outlined in his celebrated books The Modern World-System and The Capitalist World-Economy. Whereas those books centred on the historical development of the modern world-system, the essays in this volume explore the nature of world politics in the light of Wallerstein's analysis of the world-system and capitalist world-economy. Throughout, the essays offer new perspectives on the central issues of political debate today: the roles of the USA and the USSR in the world-system, the relations of the Third World states to the capitalist 'core', and the potential for socialist or revolutionary change. Different sections deal with the three major political institutions of the modern world-system: the states, the antisystemic movements, and the civilizations. The states are a classic rubric of political analysis. For Wallerstein, the limits of sovereignty are at least as important as the powers — these limits deriving from the obligatory location of the modern state in the interstate system. Social movements are a second classic rubric. For Wallerstein, the principal questions are the degree to which such movements are antisystemic, and the dilemmas state power poses for antisystemic movements. Civilizations, in contrast, are not normally seen as a political institution. That however is for Wallerstein the key to the analysis of their role in the contemporary world, and thereby a key to understanding the politics of social science.

In Foreign and Second Language Learning, William Littlewood surveys recent research into how people acquire languages and considers its relevance for language teaching. He describes the most important studies and ideas about first language acquisition, and how these have influenced and developed into studies of second language acquisition. He considers the background of language theories which were current before the present interest in acquisition research, and looks at factors such as learners' errors, whether learners are predisposed to acquire language in certain sequences, why some people are apparently more successful at learning languages than others, and how learners make use of their new language to communicate. The use of clear examples, the careful explanation and balanced commentary on the research enable the reader to evaluate the evidence and consider the relevance of work in this field to the day to day concerns of teaching and learning languages.

Cambridge Proficiency Examination Practice 1 contains five complete sets of authentic past papers from the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate issued in recent years for the Cambridge Proficiency Examination. The practice tests are reproduced in exactly the same form as in the examination itself. The accompanying cassettes contain the recorded material and instructions for the listening comprehension questions, which are also presented in the same form that students will meet in the examination. The accompanying Teacher's Book contains a full introduction to the exam, including notes on CPE examiners' marking criteria — especially in relation to the Writing paper — plus the tapescript and keys to each test.

Stories can provide a highly motivating, engaging and realistic source of genuine language interaction in the classroom. They are 'living language' in which the teacher (or student storyteller) becomes the source of language, and the listeners are actively involved in understanding. The authors argue from experience that almost everyone can tell stories convincingly, especially given an outline to work from. A very wide range of these outlines, from many cultures and sources, are provided. These can be used by the teacher as a resource for a variety of activities for students from beginner to advanced levels, including listening comprehension, grammar practice, oral production and fluency practice, but above all for exposure to real spoken language.