Fairness of language tests and testing practices has always been a concern among test developers and test users. In the past decade educational and language assessment researchers have begun to focus directly on fairness and related matters such as test standards, test bias and equity and ethics for testing professionals. The 19th annual Language Testing Research Colloquium held in 1997 in Orlando, Florida, brought this overall concern into sharp focus by having 'Fairness in Language Testing' as its theme. The conference presentations and discussions attempted to understand the concept of fairness, define the scope of the concept and connect it with the concept of validation of test score interpretation. The papers in this volume offer a first introduction to fairness and validation in the field of language assessment.

These examination papers for the 2015 revised Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE) exam provide the most authentic exam preparation available, allowing candidates to familiarise themselves with the content and format of the exam and to practise useful exam techniques. The Student's Book with answers is perfect for classroom-based test practice. An Audio CD containing the recordings for the Listening test is available separately, or as part of the Student's Book Pack (containing the Student's Book with answers and Audio CD), also available separately.

Six full practice tests plus easy-to-follow expert guidance and exam tips designed to guarantee exam success. As well as six full practice tests, KET for Schools Trainer offers easy-to-follow expert guidance and exam tips designed to guarantee exam success. The first two tests are fully guided with step-by-step advice on how to tackle each paper. Extra practice activities, informed by the Cambridge Learner Corpus, a bank of real candidates' exam papers, focus on areas where students typically need the most help. This 'with answers' edition also includes teacher's notes as well as audio CDs featuring all the listening activities from the tests, and an explanatory key with model answers for the Writing paper.

Touchstone Second edition is an innovative four-level American English course for adults and young adults, taking students from beginning (A1) to intermediate (B1) level. Touchstone uses a corpus-informed syllabus ensuring students are learning the language that people really use. Activities include a strong focus on inductive learning, personalized practice, and encouraging learner autonomy. Each Student's Book contains approximately 90 hours of material across 12 topic-based units — with additional grammar and pronunciation practice added for the Second Edition. Student's Book, Level 1 is at the beginning CEFR level (A1).

Six full practice tests with tips and training for the 2015 revised Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE). Advanced Trainer Second edition offers six practice tests for the revised Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE) exam combined with easy-to-follow guidance and exam tips. The first two tests are fully guided with advice on how to tackle each paper. Extra practice activities, informed by the Cambridge Learner Corpus, a bank of real candidates' exam papers, focus on areas where students typically need the most help. This version contains a full answer key. Audio for the listening and speaking test activities is available online for download. Audio CDs featuring the listening material are also available, separately.

Touchstone Student's Book 4 is the fourth level of the innovative Touchstone series. It is designed for intermediate students and expands on the concepts established in Student's Book 3. Drawing on research into the Cambridge International Corpus, Student's Book 4 presents the vocabulary, grammar, and functions students encounter most often in real life. It also develops the conversation strategies that students need for effective conversations, such as how to summarize things people say and how to sound more assertive. The book features an attractive, contemporary design, and beautiful color photos and illustrations. It makes learning fun by maximizing the time students spend on interactive, personalized activities on high-interest topics. Students using Touchstone will soon feel confident in their abilities to express themselves clearly and effectively. A free Self-Study Audio CD/CD-ROM at the back of the book gives students further practice in listening, speaking, and vocabulary.

The Touchstone Workbook provides follow-up exercises for each lesson in the Student's Book, allowing for a thorough practice of new vocabulary, structures, and conversation strategies and providing extra reading and writing activities. A progress chart at the end of each unit helps students evaluate their progress and plan further study.

Super Minds is a seven-level course for young learners. This exciting seven-level course enhances your students' thinking skills, improving their memory along with their language skills. Super Minds develops creativity with visualisation exercises and art and craft activities, explores social values with lively stories and encourages cross-curricular thinking with fascinating 'English for school' sections. For ease of use, this Level 1 Teacher's Book is interleaved with pages from the Student's Book. It includes detailed lesson aims, clear instructions and a vast array of extra activities.

Suitable for classroom use or self-study, this course teaches language learners how to use English in a commercial law environment. The book focuses on a variety of legal topics including contracts, company formation, debtor-creditor relationships and intellectual property rights. Using authentic texts to present and practise legal language, the course develops the four key skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking. In addition, this course is ideal preparation for the new Cambridge International Legal English Certificate (ILEC) and contains exam practice tasks, exam tips and a practice ILEC test supplied by Cambridge ESOL.

The Touchstone Teacher's Editions are fully interleaved and contain practical teaching notes, along with a wealth of optional activities. Detailed language notes based on corpus research give teachers special insights into English usage. Audio scripts, answer keys, and tests are also provided. An Audio CD contains the recordings for the listening tasks in the tests. Teachers can go into the classroom confident that they are fully equipped to teach students to be effective communicators.

Touchstone Student's Book 2 is the second level of the innovative Touchstone series. Drawing on research into the Cambridge International Corpus, a large database of language that includes everyday conversations and texts from newspapers and books, Student's Book 2 presents the vocabulary, grammar, and functions students encounter most often in real life. It makes learning fun by maximizing the time students spend on interactive, personalized activities on high-interest topics. A free Self-Study Audio CD/CD-ROM at the back of the book gives students further practice in listening, speaking, and vocabulary.

This photocopiable resource book and audio CD of speaking activities is designed to encourage engaging and natural discussion among advanced-level students. The book consists of 26 topic-based units, each filled with a variety of stimulating activities. All the activities are free-standing, and comprehensive teacher's notes give a clear indication of the preparation required, as well as keys to the activities, complete audioscripts and suggestions for discussion-based writing tasks. The audio recordings include listening material from the book in a wide range of native-speaker accents.

This photocopiable resource book and audio CD of speaking activities is designed to encourage engaging and natural discussion among intermediate-level students. The book consists of 26 topic-based units, each filled with a variety of stimulating activities. All the activities are free-standing, and comprehensive teacher's notes give a clear indication of the preparation required, as well as keys to the activities, complete audioscripts and suggestions for discussion-based writing tasks. The audio recordings include listening material from the book in a wide range of native-speaker accents.

English Pronunciation in Use: Elementary is a comprehensive reference and practice book for learners of English and can be used by individual learners working alone, or in class. There are 50 easy-to use units with key pronunciation points presented on the left-hand page with a range of exercises on the facing right-hand page. All units are supported with audio material which is available in cassette or CD format. The audio material uses a clear model of a standard British accent for presentation and repetition exercises. In receptive exercises different accents used to give learners the opportunity to listen to a range of English accents. There is also a useful reference section. The elementary level will focus on those areas of pronunciation relevant to elementary level learners (e.g. differentiation of sound pairs and pronunciation for listening).

The Workbook offers additional practise for students of face2face Starter, with self-study exercises which practise all the language taught in the Student's Book — including exercises on pronunciation and spelling. It also features a Reading and Writing Portfolio linked to the CEF, which contains ten extra double-page lessons to be used either for self-study or in class. What's more, a list of 'Can do' statements helps students to track their own progress in reading and writing. The Workbook also features a removable Answer Key, which can simply be pulled free of the books binding.

Six full practice tests with tips and training for the 2015 revised Cambridge English: First (FCE) for Schools. First for Schools Trainer offers six practice tests for the revised Cambridge English: First (FCE) for Schools exam combined with easy-to-follow guidance and exam tips. The first two tests are fully guided with advice on how to tackle each paper. Extra practice activities, informed by the Cambridge Learner Corpus, a bank of real candidates' exam papers, focus on areas where students typically need most help. This edition contains teachers notes and a full answer key. Audio for the listening and speaking test activities is available online for download. Audio CDs featuring the listening material are also available, separately.

Advanced Skills is a must-have collection of photocopiable activities for advanced level students. Each activity includes one to three photocopiable pages for students and step-by-step teacher's notes that allow busy teachers to slot these materials into any lesson and use along any coursebook with minimum preparation. The book contains a wealth of authentic material and realistic tasks that engage students and develop all four skills simultaneously. It explores popular topics from original angles keeping students motivated and making learning fun. This resource book comes with an Audio CD to support the listening activities. The recordings offer a range of genres from radio and television broadcasts to political speeches and conversational dialogues, exposing students to a range of accents. Finally, the book includes many tasks which could be used as extra practice material with students preparing for the main Cambridge exams (CAE, CPE, IELTS).

Business Benchmark helps students get ahead with their Business English vocabulary and skills and gives them grammar practice in business contexts. Teachers can choose from the BEC edition or the BULATS edition at the right level for their students. The Teacher's Resource Book is full of useful teaching tips and contains answer keys, tapescripts, model writing compositions, information about the BULATS test and the BEC exam, teaching notes and extra activities including complete extra lessons and case studies. Student's Books, Self-study Books and Audio CDs (2) are also available.

Award-winning original fiction for learners of English. At seven levels, from Starter to Advanced, this impressive selection of carefully graded readers offers exciting reading for every student's capabilities. Seven journeys which change lives for ever. A New York fashion buyer returns to her English home. A successful author meets an old friend. A reporter travels to an execution. A lorry driver gives an escaped prisoner a lift. A taxi driver picks up 'Bruce Lee'. A man's love for a tram driver leads him to follow her. And four strangers meet at a motel for the first and last time. Contains a paperback and 3 Audio CDs with complete text recordings from the book.

Super Minds is a seven-level course for young learners. Super Minds, from a highly experienced author team, enhances your students' thinking skills, improving their memory along with their language skills. This Level 1 Student's Book includes visualisation exercises to develop creativity, cross-curricular thinking with fascinating 'English for school' sections and lively stories that explore social values. The fabulous DVD-ROM features animated stories, interactive games and activities including videokes, lively songs with karaoke versions, and fun activities focusing on each unit's vocabulary and grammar.