This edited volume develops a theoretical framework for validating tests of second language ability. The chapter authors show how an understanding and analysis of the framework and its components can assist test developers to operationalise their tests more effectively, especially in relation to the key criteria that differentiate one proficiency level from another. The book provides an up-to-date review of the relevant literature on assessing speaking, an accessible and systematic description of the different proficiency levels in second language speaking and a comprehensive and coherent basis for validating tests of speaking. It will be of considerable interest to examination boards who wish to validate their own speaking tests in a systematic and coherent manner, as well as to academic researchers and graduate students in the field of language assessment more generally.

Four Corners is an integrated four-skills English course for adults and young adults. Four Corners Student's Book with Self-study CD-ROM, Level 3 is designed for low intermediate students requiring a thorough presentation of basic grammar, vocabulary, and functional language. The twelve units cover high-interest topics such as style, interesting lives, our world, personalities, and the environment. In Four Corners, multiple speaking activities in every lesson tied to measurable outcomes help students and teachers see the results of their learning. Additional 'Keep Talking' activities help students develop fluency. As with other levels of Four Corners, an extensive set of print and electronic course components is available to help develop students' communication and confidence.

Four Corners is an integrated four-skills English course for adults and young adults. Four Corners Workbook, Level 3 has eight-page units that can be used in class or for homework. Each unit provides students with additional vocabulary, grammar, functional language, and reading practice.

The new graded readers series of original fiction, adapted fiction and factbooks especially written for teenagers. Alice is an Agony Aunt on her school website. Students write to her with their problems and she answers them. But how can Alice give advice when she's got so many problems of her own? This paperback is in British English.

The series helps students gain insight into how academic text is organized and how to read effectively. Making Connections Low Intermediate is a reading skills book that introduces students to some basic skills and strategies for academic reading. Students then practice these skills in high-interest thematic units, each of which has multiple readings. The readings are written in an accessible academic discourse style, providing ideal practice for low-intermediate-level students who will eventually need to access authentic academic text.

The new graded readers series of original fiction, adapted fiction and factbooks especially written for teenagers. Southampton, England, 1912. Hannah Frost's father is in America and her mother and brother are leaving Southampton to join him. However, Hannah is recovering from a serious illness and must rest. She expects to travel with the housekeeper, Marnie, in a few weeks' time, on a new ship called the Titanic. Then, on the day of her trip, Hannah wakes up alone.

This is an invaluable introductory guide for the English student who needs to decipher a page from a play, or a facsimile equivalent, from the Shakespearean period. The original quartos and folios of early play texts are increasingly subject to editorial and critical scrutiny, and electronic facsimiles are making the originals accessible to undergraduate and graduate students. Giddens provides a practical 'how to' guide to the original printed texts of Shakespeare and his contemporaries. He explains how the features of the play text came about, what the different elements mean, and who created them. The book provides that important first step towards bibliography and critical editing, presenting a detailed account of how to read these early texts and how they have been turned into the modern editions we are accustomed to.

A unique introduction to the design, analysis, and presentation of scientific projects, this is an essential textbook for undergraduate majors in science and mathematics. The textbook gives an overview of the main methods used in scientific research, including hypothesis testing, the measurement of functional relationships, and observational research. It describes important features of experimental design, such as the control of errors, instrument calibration, data analysis, laboratory safety, and the treatment of human subjects. Important concepts in statistics are discussed, focusing on standard error, the meaning of p values, and use of elementary statistical tests. The textbook introduces some of the main ideas in mathematical modeling, including order-of-magnitude analysis, function fitting, Fourier transforms, recursion relations, and difference approximations to differential equations. It also provides guidelines on accessing scientific literature, and preparing scientific papers and presentations.

Materials Development in Language Teaching aims to help readers apply current theoretical principles and research findings to the practical realities of developing and exploiting classroom materials. The authors also suggest new ideas and directions in materials development, which readers can pursue for themselves. This book is accessible to readers with little previous experience in the field, and is essential reading for all those involved in developing materials for language teaching. In the second edition of this highly popular title, each chapter has been comprehensively revised and updated to take into account both recent research and the significant technological developments since the first edition was published in 1998. Two new chapters have been added to assess the potential of electronic media for materials development. These chapters include an overview of the technologies available, as well as individual case studies and activities.

The graded readers series of original fiction, adapted fiction and factbooks especially written for teenagers. Southampton, England, 1912. Hannah Frost's father is in America and her mother and brother are leaving Southampton to join him. However, Hannah is recovering from a serious illness and must rest. She expects to travel with the housekeeper, Marnie, in a few weeks' time, on a new ship called the Titanic. Then, on the day of her journey, Hannah wakes up alone...

The new graded readers series of original fiction, adapted fiction and factbooks especially written for teenagers. Twins, Andy and Mary, are in Dublin on a school trip. When Mary discovers that she has been given a forged EURO20 note, she thinks she knows the identity of the forger. The twins start to investigate, but it soon becomes clear that the forgers know who Andy and Mary are too.

The new graded readers series of original fiction, adapted fiction and factbooks especially written for teenagers. It's Helen's twelfth birthday and her parents have something important to tell her. Her mom promises that the news won't change anything. But she's wrong. It changes everything. Nothing will ever be the same again, not for Helen, not for anyone.

The new graded readers series of original fiction, adapted fiction and factbooks especially written for teenagers. Katy is reluctantly at a children's camp for the summer. She thinks she's too old to be with a hundred strangers. But soon it becomes clear that something strange is happening to the other children at the camp. What is it? And why aren't Katy and her new friend Riley affected?

The new graded readers series of original fiction, adapted fiction and factbooks especially written for teenagers. Three vibrant stories by the famous New Zealand author Katherine Mansfield, selected and retold by Margaret Johnson. In one story, Laura and her family are preparing for a party when she makes a shocking discovery. In another, the magic and excitement of Leila's first dance is challenged by the words of an old man. And finally, Isabel, Kezia and Lottie receive an amazing present but there is trouble when they choose who to show it to.

A comprehensive new book, with accompanying CD-ROM, offering an in-depth analysis of the IB syllabus at both Standard and Higher Levels. Using accessible language, it efficiently presents topics to optimise learning. Worked examples help students tackle different types of questions; Questions throughout to test understanding, and exam-style questions at the end of each chapter.

This unique, practical guide for postdoctoral researchers and graduate students explains how to build and perfect the necessary research tools and working skills to build a career in academia and beyond. It is based on successful training workshops run by the authors: first, it describes the tools needed for independent research, from writing papers to applying for academic jobs; it then introduces skills to thrive in a new job, including managing and interacting with others, designing a taught course and giving a good lecture; and it concludes with a section on managing your career, from how to manage stress to understanding the higher education system. Packed with helpful features encouraging readers to apply the theory to their individual situation, the book is also illustrated throughout with real-world case studies to enable readers to learn from others' experience. It is a vital handbook for everyone seeking to make a successful scientific career.

The graded readers series of original fiction, adapted fiction and factbooks especially written for teenagers. Twins, Andy and Kim, are in California on vacation with their parents. Kim takes some photos with her new camera and the twins soon discover that someone does not want to be photographed. Why? This paperback is in American English.

Want to make the most of your talent for science? This practical guide for students, postdoctorates and professors offers a unique stepwise approach to help you develop your expertise and become a more productive scientist. Covering topics from giving presentations and writing effectively to prioritizing your workload, it provides guidance to enhance your skills and combine them with those of others to your mutual benefit. Learn how to maintain your passion for science, inspire others to develop their abilities and motivate yourself to plan effectively, focus on your goals and even optimize funding opportunities. With numerous valuable tips, real-life stories, novel questionnaires and exercises for self-reflection, this must-read guide provides everything you need to take responsibility for your own personal and professional development.

This comprehensive new resource is written to cover the revised Cambridge IGCSE ICT syllabus (0417). Cambridge IGCSE ICT provides comprehensive syllabus coverage and valuable practical support for students. The coursebook features practical examples and activities throughout along with self-assessment questions and tasks to reinforce learning. It includes content that is accessible and challenging to all ability levels. The accompanying Student's CD-ROM contains revision questions and a selection of past exam questions with examiners' comments to help students develop and practise their exam techniques. Now available in both print and e-book formats. The e-book includes both the print version and all the materials from the CD-ROM except the past exam papers and exemplar answers.

Written by experienced teachers and examiners of CIE syllabuses in Cambridge IGCSE Computer Studies, this Coursebook includes questions and tasks throughout to reinforce learning. A Teacher's Resource CD-ROM is also available, providing guidelines for assessment, worksheets, remedial and extension activities, and a suggested year plan for teaching.