Offering plenty of practice for vocabulary learners, these small and easy-to-carry books are ideal for busy people to use outside the classroom. All the words have been chosen using the Cambridge International Corpus to ensure that students learn the most widely used vocabulary. Includes regular tests and helpful word lists.

Offering plenty of practice for vocabulary learners, these small and easy-to-carry books are ideal for busy people to use outside the classroom. All the words have been chosen using the Cambridge International Corpus to ensure that students learn the most widely used vocabulary. Includes regular tests and helpful word lists.

Gases, Liquids and Solids is a title in the new Cambridge Advanced Sciences series. It has been developed specifically for the new specifications for Advanced Level Chemistry for teaching from September 2000. Gases, Liquids and Solids has been endorsed by OCR for use with the OCR Chemistry specification A. It provides full coverage of the Chemistry option module of the same name. In combination with other books in the series it provides full coverage of the Advanced Level specifications. Learning objectives are clearly defined, so that students know exactly what they need to learn. Self-assessment questions (with answers) and exam-style end-of-chapter exercises offer excellent opportunities for independent study. Chapter introductions and summaries provide the basis for structured revision. Full-colour illustration and student-friendly design make the science accessible to all. Series gives comprehensive OCR syllabus coverage, so these are the only books students will need. Each book clearly defines the learning objectives that are covered, so students know exactly what they need to learn. This text is a complete and self contained accompaniment to the optional Advanced Level Chemistry module of the same name.

Laughing Matters offers over 120 activities which will inject some light-hearted fun into lessons whilst still being grounded in respected language learning theory. Humour is a very effective way to help students remember key concepts and structures. The book contains step-by-step guidance on how to carry out the activities and suggestions for further work.

This collection provides an overview of current approaches, issues, and practices in the teaching of English to speakers of other languages. This book provides an overview of current approaches, issues, and practices in the teaching of English to speakers of other languages. The anthology offers a comprehensive overview to the teaching of English and illustrates the complexity underlying many of the practical planning and instructional activities it involves. Organized into 16 sections, the book contains 41 seminal articles by well-known teacher trainers and researchers. Also included are two sets of discussion questions — a pre-reading background set and a post-reading reflection set. This anthology serves as an important resource for teachers wishing to design a basic course in methodology.

This book provides an accessible introduction to the linguistic structure of Russian, including its history, dialects and sociolinguistics, as well as the central issues of phonology, morphology, syntax and word formation/lexicology. It particularly emphasises the special linguistic features of Russian which are not shared with English and other non-Slavic languages. For intermediate/advanced students of Russian, this will help to reinforce their understanding of how all levels of Russian function. Students and scholars of linguistics will find it a useful starting point for comparative work involving the structure of Russian and the Slavic languages, or issues such as standardisation, multilingualism, and the fate of former colonial languages. Each chapter begins with an introduction to the basic theoretical concepts of the area covered, presenting the linguistic facts and relationships in an easily accessible form. It will also serve as a learning aid to Cyrillic, with all examples transliterated.

Teaching and Assessing Skills in First Language English is one of a series of titles in the Professional Development for Teachers series, developed and published in association with Cambridge International Examinations (CIE). This handbook gives clear, practical and up-to-date guidance on teaching and assessing skills in First Language English, at IGCSE and O Level. It provides guidance to teachers of all levels, especially new teachers, about effective classroom practice, coursework setting, and integrating different skill areas. The author, Tony Parkinson is an experienced teacher trainer, who has amassed a great deal of relevant expertise through his role as a principal examiner.

The Cold War is one of the theme texts in the Cambridge Perspectives in History series. The Cold War was an economic, ideological and political confrontation. There was no single cause, no single driving force and no single factor that brought it to an end. In this incisive and thought-provoking book, Mike Sewell examines the complex historiography surrounding the Cold War as well as the events and issues themselves. The result is a telling account of the fifty-year war that shaped our world. Topics include: the origins of the Cold War, the globalisation of the War culminating in the Cuban Missile Crisis, the period of Detente which followed, and the end of the Cold War in the 1980s. The book is illustrated and includes a selection of primary sources.

This second edition remains the most practical guide for teachers who want to have a better understanding of the role of testing in language teaching. It has a new chapter on testing young learners and expanded chapters on common test techniques and testing overall ability.

As all language teachers know, writing is one of the central skills a student must master. Why should they be tested? How should they be tested? What tasks should be used? The answers to these questions are provided by this book, which examines the theory behind the practice of assessing a student's writing abilities.

Over the past decade criterion-referenced testing (CRT) has become an emerging issue in language assessment. Most language testing books have hitherto focused almost exclusively on norm-referenced testing, whereby test takers' scores are interpreted with reference to the performance of other test takers, and have ignored CRT, an approach that examines the level of knowledge of a specific domain of target behaviours. It is designed to comprehensively address the wide variety of CRT and decision-making needs that more and more language-teaching professionals must address in their daily work. Criterion-referenced Language Testing is the first volume to create a nexus between the theoretical constructs and practical applications of this new area of language testing.

The rapid endangerment and death of many minority languages across the world is a matter of widespread concern, not only among linguists and anthropologists but among all concerned with issues of cultural identity in an increasingly globalized culture. By some counts, only 600 of the 6,000 or so languages in the world are 'safe' from the threat of extinction. A leading commentator and popular writer on language issues, David Crystal asks the fundamental question, Why is language death so important?, reviews the reasons for the current crisis, and investigates what is being done to reduce its impact. The book contains not only intelligent argument, but moving descriptions of the decline and demise of particular languages, and practical advice for anyone interested in pursuing the subject further.

The first full-length scholarly monograph to examine Jane Austen's writings within the traditions of Romanticism. It argues that Austen's central position within the literary canon can only be fully understood by locating her work within Romantic cultural traditions. Taking the contemporary Austen revival as its cue, the study presents a series of historically contextualized readings of Austen's juvenilia (Catharine, or The Bower and The History of England), Sense and Sensibility, Mansfield Park and Austen's posthumously published novel, Sanditon, to examine ways in which Romantic-period definitions of nation, culture and literature continue to function in contemporary readings of Austen and her period. An investigation of the sexual politics of national culture, heritage culture and literary canon-formation informs the study's discussion of the relationship between Romanticism, Austen and the literary canon.

Corpus linguistics is leading to the development of theories about language which challenge existing orthodoxies in applied linguistics. However, there are also many questions which should be examined and debated: how big should a corpus be? Is the data from a corpus reliable? What are its applications for language teaching? Corpora in Applied Linguistics exams these and other questions related to this emerging field. It discusses these important issues and explores the techniques of investigating a corpus, as well as demonstrating the application of corpora in a wide variety of fields. It also outlines the impact corpus linguistics is having on how languages are taught in the classroom and how it is informing language teaching materials and dictionaries. It makes a superb and accessible introduction to corpus linguistics and is a must read for anyone interested in corpus linguistics and its impact on applied linguistics.

The debate over regionalism and the multilateral trading system intensifies in the WTO as dozens of regional trade agreements are declared to be exceptions to GATT's most-favoured nation obligation. Commentators debate whether such agreements are 'stepping stones' to freer world trade, and WTO Members remain unsettled on criteria to determine the compatibility of agreements with the multilateral trading system. This book addresses legal aspects of GATT Article XXIV and its 'internal' trade requirements as they define the WTO gateway for regional trade agreements.

In On Nature and Language Noam Chomsky develops his thinking on the relation between language, mind and brain, integrating current research in linguistics into the burgeoning field of neuroscience. This 2002 volume begins with a lucid introduction by the editors Adriana Belletti and Luigi Rizzi. This is followed by some of Chomsky's writings on these themes, together with a penetrating interview in which Chomsky provides the clearest and most elegant introduction to current theory available. It should make his Minimalist Program accessible to all. The volume concludes with an essay on the role of intellectuals in society and government. Nature and Language is a significant landmark in the development of linguistic theory. It will be welcomed by students and researchers in theoretical linguistics, neurolinguistics, cognitive science and politics, as well as anyone interested in the development of Chomsky's thought.

Fourteen world-class experts on the Gothic provide thorough accounts of this haunting-to-horrifying genre from the 1760s to the end of the twentieth century. Essays explore the connections of Gothic fictions to political and industrial revolutions, the realistic novel, the theater, Romantic and post-Romantic poetry, nationalism and racism from Europe to America, colonized and post-colonial populations, the rise of film, the struggles between high and popular culture, and changing attitudes towards human identity, life and death, sanity and madness. The volume also includes a chronology and guides to further reading.

This book is part of a series of textbooks created for the new Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) mathematics syllabus. The authors have worked with CIE to assure that the content matches the syllabus and is pitched at a suitable level. Mechanics 1 corresponds to syllabus unit M1. The syllabus content is arranged in chapters to provide a viable teaching course. Each chapter starts with a list of learning objectives. Mathematical concepts, terminology and notation are explained clearly and carefully. Key results and procedures appear in boxes for easy reference. Stimulating worked examples take a step-by-step approach to problem solving. There are plenty of exercises throughout, as well as revision exercises and practice exam papers — all written by experienced examiners.

This collection provides a detailed account of current approaches to the education of teachers of second languages. It offers valuable ideas on the observation and supervision of classrooms, on self evaluation by teachers, and on teaching itself. Its emphasis reflects the shift in orientation from teacher training to teacher education, in which teachers are involved in developing their own theories of teaching, understanding the nature of teacher decision making, and developing strategies for critical self evaluation. The book is aimed at teachers, educators of teachers, and workshop facilitators involved both in pre-service and in-service education of teachers of second and foreign languages.

As the gateway to scientific thinking, an understanding of the scientific method is essential for success and productivity in science. This book is the first synthesis of the practice and the philosophy of the scientific method. It will enable scientists to be better scientists by offering them a deeper understanding of the underpinnings of the scientific method, thereby leading to more productive research and experimentation. It will also give scientists a more accurate perspective on the rationality of the scientific approach and its role in society. Beginning with a discussion of today's 'science wars' and science's presuppositions, the book then explores deductive and inductive logic, probability, statistics, and parsimony, and concludes with an examination of science's powers and limits, and a look at science education. Topics relevant to a variety of disciplines are treated, and clarifying figures, case studies, and chapter summaries enhance the pedagogy. This adeptly executed, comprehensive, yet pragmatic work yields a new synergy suitable for scientists and instructors, and graduate students and advanced undergraduates.