Henry VIII was one of Shakespeare's most popular plays in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries when great actors took the roles of Queen Katherine and Cardinal Wolsey, and elaborate pageantry was much extended. It has not been staged so frequently in the twentieth century, but a number of important recent productions have revealed the theatrical potential of a more complete text. Professor Margeson considers and illustrates the stage history of the play, and gives a balanced account of the authorship controversy from the mid-nineteenth century, when John Fletcher's name was first put forward as a collaborator, to recent scholarship, which has not yet reached a consensus. The Introduction considers the political and religious background of the play, its pageant-like structure and visual effects, and its varied ironies. The commentary is detailed but concise, explaining difficult passages and contemporary references, and suggesting how the play might have been staged in an Elizabethan theatre, or might still be staged for a modern audience.

Interchange is a multi-level course for adult and young adult learners of English from beginning to high-intermediate level. Designed for low-intermediate learners, Level Two covers a range of contemporary topics using an approach that integrates the teaching of grammar and meaningful communicative practice. Written in American English, Interchange reflects the fact that English is a language of international communication, not limited to any one country, region, or culture. The multi-skills syllabus on which the course is based integrates structural, functional, lexical, phonological, situational, and thematic syllabi. The methodology reflects a communicative approach, with an emphasis on both fluency and accuracy.

This is a student-centred book which contains 50 case studies based on real life situations. The case studies meet the requirements of all business studies GCSE syllabuses and are also suitable for other introductory business studies courses in schools and colleges.

This text presents the findings of a major investigation of second language proficiency in various groups of school-aged learners. The paperback edition presents the findings of a major investigation of second language proficiency in various groups of school-aged learners, and invites a frank appraisal of the research from an outside panel of experts. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are the subject of a lively debate focused on three main research issues: the nature of second language proficiency, the impact of classroom treatment on second language learning, and the role of social and individual factors in bilingual development. This original collection of articles will be of interest to all those concerned with policy and practice in second language education.

Pictures for Language Learning is richly illustrated and provides a valuable guide to the role of pictures and other visual materials in language teaching. It brings together a wealth of ideas on how to use pictures in a wide range of language learning situations. The first section discusses the contribution visuals can make to all the classroom settings in providing real opportunities for students to communicate, whether they are working as a class, in groups or in pairs. Sections B and C contain over 200 practical suggestions for picture-generated language work. These make use of visual materials which are readily available to teachers anywhere or illustrations which have been kept simple so that they can be copied easily. The activities can be integrated into all stages of the language teaching process and advice is given on how to adapt the ideas to suit different teaching environments. The final section describes the process of setting up a picture library and offers guidance on where to begin looking for visuals, how to categorise pictures and different methods of storage.

The author shows how similarities and differences between languages can influence grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation acquisition. The paperback edition is a collection of original essays that approaches second language acquisition from a linguistic rather than a sociological, psychological, or purely pedagogical perspective. A wide range of viewpoints and approaches is represented. However, all authors agree on the fundamental importance of linguistic theory in the study of second language acquisition. Few works have explored in depth how a second language is acquired and what the second language learner must do mentally to achieve proficiency in another language. The essays in this book provide an incisive analysis of these questions. For greater accessibility, the chapters are arranged topically from those covering the broad area of theories of acquisition to those focusing specifically on syntax, semantics, pragmatics, lexicon, and phonology in another language.

Issues of language curriculum development underlie all stages in the planning and implementation of language teaching programmes. This authoritative collection of papers argues for these isses to be made explicit. The stages which the book deals with are: curriculum planning, specification of ends and means, programme implementation, and classroom implementation. Evaluation is also of crucial relevance at each stage. The 'curriculum' is taken to mean all the factors which contribute to the teaching and learning situation, and the emphasis of the book is on the interdependence of these factors. The contributors are leading practitioners and researchers with experience in various parts of the world. They identify the problems faced and the directions to be followed in relating current theory with practice in curriculum development. This collection will be of key interest to teachers, teacher-trainers, course directors and designers, and all others concerned with designing and implementing language programmes.

Dictation contains a wealth of new techniques to extend the traditional language-learning activity of dictation. The authors present some thought-provoking answers to such apparently simple questions as: Who chooses the text? Who dictates? Who corrects? What and how do they correct? The activities range from traditional focuses on spelling and punctuation problems to exercise that emphasize personal attitudes and opinions of both teachers and students. Dictation provides: activities suitable for a wide range of levels and ages; example texts for many activities, with permission to copy; opportunities for students to create their own texts; a variety of suggested correction techniques; suggestions for using dictation in teacher training.

Traditionally, the curriculum has been regarded as a statement of what should be done in a course of study. The Learner-Centred Curriculum takes as its starting point what is done by language teachers in their classes. Nunan develops a concept of the negotiated model in which the curriculum is a collaboration between teachers and students. The author looks at the curriculum from a teacher's perspective and reports on what instructors focus on in planning, implementing, and evaluating language courses. He synthesizes theoretical models and recent empirical studies, and considers the vital part by curriculum design in coordinating the many aspects of language teaching.

This text focuses on the skills and processes necessary for understanding statistical research in language learning Designed for language teachers with no previous background in statistics, the paperback edition focuses on the skills and processes necessary for understanding statistical research in language learning. Brown explains the basic terms of statistics, the structure and organization of statistical research reports, the system of statistical logic, and how to decipher tables, charts, and graphs. By the end of the book, readers will be able to make knowledgeable judgments about the relative qualities of a study and to assess the value of the results of a study in relation to a specific language teaching situation.

This important new book provides a critical overview of recent classroom-centered research and its implications for the teaching and learning of languages. Chaudron synthesizes and evaluates crucial research about the way student and teacher behaviours affect language learning and discusses research methods. Second Language Classrooms will be of vital interest to researchers, language teachers, and curriculum specialists, as well as readers with a general interest in education, linguistics, sociology, or psychology.

Intonation in Context is for upper-intermediate and advanced learners of English who want to improve their intonation. It aims to make learners aware of the main features of intonation and provides enjoyable activities for both controlled and freer practice in a range of conversational situations. Intonation is presented as a system which has an important communicative function in any interaction between speaker and listener. Learners first explore the meaning conveyed by the parts of this system before going on to a variety of production exercises. The book is intended to be used alongside any general coursebook to provide a systematic and accessible introduction to this often neglected area of pronunciation. The easy-to-follow explanations assume no specialist knowledge of the subject and the accompanying cassette provides clear models, making this an excellent choice for both classroom use and self-study.

In this remarkably wide-ranging book Professor Lowenthal analyses the ever-changing role of the past in shaping our lives. A heritage at once nurturing and burdensome, the past allows us to make sense of the present whilst imposing powerful constraints upon the way that present develops. Some aspects of the past are celebrated, others expunged, as each generation reshapes its legacy in line with current needs. Drawing on all the arts, the humanities and the social sciences, the author uses sources as diverse as science fiction and psychoanalysis to examine how rebellion against inherited tradition has given rise to the modern cult of preservation and pervasive nostalgia. Profusely illustrated, The Past is a Foreign Country shows that although the past has ceased to be a sanction for inherited power or privilege, as a focus of personal and national identity and as a bulwark against massive and distressing change it remains as potent a force as ever in human affairs.

Intonation in Context is for upper-intermediate and advanced learners of English who want to improve their intonation. It aims to make learners aware of the main features of intonation and provides enjoyable activities for both controlled and freer practice in a range of conversational situations. Intonation is presented as a system which has an important communicative function in any interaction between speaker and listener. Learners first explore the meaning conveyed by the parts of this system before going on to a variety of production exercises. The book is intended to be used alongside any general coursebook to provide a systematic and accessible introduction to this often neglected area of pronunciation. The easy-to-follow explanations assume no specialist knowledge of the subject and the accompanying cassette provides clear models, making this an excellent choice for both classroom use and self-study.

This is a practical guide to designing and using oral tests of language ability. It is for teachers, testers, course designers and educational planners. The organisation follows the sequence of stages in which a new testing programme would logically be carried out. It takes the reader through the testing process, giving practical examples and discussing the issues involved at each stage. Testing Spoken Language removes testing from the realm of the specialist and presents it as an integral part of a language learning programme. It describes the range of test-types and discusses their suitability for different aims and resources; lists over fifty oral test techniques and variations, with comments on each; integrates the marking system into the process of test design; and provides suggestions for monitoring and improving a test once it is in use.

This is a practical guide for practising teachers of English and teachers in training. It offers teachers a rationale and a variety of imaginative techniques for integrating literature work with language teaching. It is divided into three sections: Part I discusses the questions: Why teach literature? What should we teach? How should we teach it?; Part II outlines and illustrates a wealth of student-centred class and homework activities appropriate to each stage of the study of a literary work. Detailed descriptions of the activities are accompanied by numerous sample worksheets; Part III demonstrates techniques for working with complete texts, and shows how the activities outlined in Part II can be applied to particular novels, plays, short stories and poems. All activities described have been used successfully with a wide range of classes from intermediate level up.

Recognizing that teachers are often involved in planning and developing courses as part of their responsibilities, the authors of this book have set out to describe the factors which must be considered in constructing courses and materials. They cover: the fact-finding stage, establishing realistic goals, surveying existing programmes, realizing goals through instructional plans, selecting the shape of the syllabus, and considerations involved in constructing communicative curricula and syllabuses. All of these aspects are considered against current theories of language learning. Examples of different types of materials are discussed, and the process of creating materials is described as the link between the syllabus and the audience. The book ends with a survey of the practical issues involved in organizing writing projects. The book is intended for teachers (and teachers in training) who may be involved in course planning and materials development either on a larger scale, or simply within their own institution.

Teachers and writers describe the approaches and techniques they have incorporated into their own teaching. The paperback edition is designed to help classroom teachers make language classes more participatory and communication oriented. A distinguished group of innovative teachers and writers describe, in a collection of essays, the approaches and techniques they have incorporated into their own teaching.

This is a practical guide for teachers on how to select, organise and teach vocabulary to all levels of students. It discusses the linguistic and psychological theories relevant to vocabulary learning, describes with clear examples traditional and current methods of presentation and practice, and suggests ways of assessing and supplementing the vocabulary component of coursebooks. Working with Words is an ideal resource for practising teachers and teachers in training.

This book is designed to give language teachers a basis for introducing a cultural component into their teaching. The paperback edition is a collection of selected essays that attempts to provide language teachers with a basis for introducing a cultural component into their teaching. It includes essays written especially for the volume, as well as some that have been previously published.