Using fossils to tell geological time, biostratigraphy balances biology with geology. In modern geochronology — meaning timescale-building and making correlations between oceans, continents and hemispheres — the microfossil record of speciations and extinctions is integrated with numerical dates from radioactive decay, geomagnetic reversals through time, and the cyclical wobbles of the earth-sun-moon system. This important modern synthesis follows the development of biostratigraphy from classical origins into petroleum exploration and deep-ocean drilling. It explores the three-way relationship between species of microorganisms, their environment and their evolution through time as expressed in skeletons preserved as fossils. This book is essential reading for advanced students and researchers working in basin analysis, sequence stratigraphy, palaeoceanography, palaeobiology and related fields.

As the leading student text in the field, this title provides both a detailed examination of the law of the World Trade Organization and a clear introduction to the basic principles and underlying logic of the world trading system. It explores the institutional aspects of the WTO together with the substantive law. New to this edition are examinations of the WTO rules on the protection of intellectual property and the rules on technical barriers to trade and sanitary and phytosanitary measures. Assignments are integrated throughout to allow students to assess their understanding, while chapter summaries reinforce learning. In addition further-reading sections have been added to each chapter and exercises have been included to draw on primary sources and real-life trade scenarios, enabling students to hone their practical and analytical skills. The title is an essential tool for any student of the WTO, either at undergraduate or postgraduate level.

This title provides the reader with immediate access to understanding the world of international arbitration. Arbitration has become the dispute resolution method of choice in international transactions. This book explains how and why arbitration works. It provides the legal and regulatory framework for international arbitration, as well as practical strategies to follow and pitfalls to avoid. It is short and readable, but comprehensive in its coverage of the basic requirements, including the most recent changes in arbitration laws, rules, and guidelines. In the book, the author includes insights from numerous international arbitrators and counsel, who tell firsthand about their own experiences of arbitration and their views of the best arbitration practices. Throughout the book, the principles of arbitration are supported and explained by the practice, providing a concrete approach to an important means of resolving disputes.

This brief guide is ideal for science and engineering students and professionals to help them communicate technical information clearly, accurately, and effectively. The focus is on the most common communication forms, including laboratory reports, research articles, and oral presentations, and on common issues that arise in classroom and professional practice. This book will be especially useful to students in a first chemistry or physics laboratory course. Advanced courses will often use the same formatting as required for submission to technical journals or for technical report writing, which is the focus of this book. Good communication habits are appropriate in all forms of technical communication. This book will help the reader develop effective communication skills. It is also ideal as a reference on stylistic and grammar issues throughout a technical career. Unlike most texts, which concentrate on writing style, this book also treats oral presentations, graphing, and analysis of data.

Many legal writing texts emphasize how one writes; this book is unique because it also focuses on why one writes. Every chapter challenges the reader to write to achieve a strategic objective. Each assignment has been carefully considered by the authors, and fully vetted to simulate the decision-making involved in the preparation of important legal writing, whether in a general counsel's office, a law office, a government attorney's office, or a judge's chambers. Simply put, the authors' approach is that effective legal writing does not exist in a vacuum. This book provides practical assignments that teach the student that the best legal writing is not an end in itself, but a means to a larger strategic objective.

This work brings together eight linked essays which make the case for a revival of general jurisprudence in response to the challenges of globalisation, explores how far the heritage of Anglo-American jurisprudence and comparative law is adequate to meeting the challenges, and puts forward an agenda for general jurisprudence and comparative law, especially in the English-speaking world in the first ten or twenty years of the millennium. The book is traditional in focussing on the mainstream of Anglo-American intellectual heritage and moderately radical in identifying the need for rethinking basic issues and putting forward a series of provocative propositions as a basis for discussion.

Are foreign investors the privileged citizens of a new constitutional order that guarantees rates of return on investment interests? Schneiderman explores the linkages between a new investment rules regime and state constitutions — between a constitution-like regime for the protection of foreign investment and the constitutional projects of national states. The investment rules regime, as in classical accounts of constitutionalism, considers democratically authorized state action as inherently suspect. Despite the myriad purposes served by constitutionalism, the investment rules regime aims solely to enforce limits, both inside and outside of national constitutional systems, beyond which citizen-driven politics will be disabled. Drawing on contemporary and historical case studies, the author argues that any transnational regime should encourage innovation, experimentation, and the capacity to imagine alternative futures for managing the relationship between politics and markets. These objectives have been best accomplished via democratic institutions operating at national, sub-national, and local levels.

The book shows how to collect and computerize data for inclusion in a corpus; how to annotate the data; and how to conduct a linguistic analysis of it once it has been created.

Analog Optical Links presents the basis for the design of analog links. Following an introductory chapter, there is a chapter devoted to the development of the small signal models for common electro-optical components used in both direct and external modulation. However this is not a device book, so the theory of their operation is discussed only insofar as it is helpful in understanding the small signal models that result. These device models are then combined to form a complete link. With these analytical tools in place, a chapter is devoted to examining in detail each of the four primary link parameters; gain, bandwidth, noise figure and dynamic range. Of particular interest is the inter-relation between device and link parameters. A final chapter explores some of the trade offs among the primary link parameters.

The study of translation is constantly expanding in a world that is experiencing a flourish of translated texts unparalleled in human history. Courses on translation, theory of translation and translation studies are being introduced at university level all over the world. This book provides a panorama of the many ways in which the complex phenomenon of translation is analysed. The contributions to this volume, by a group of leading international scholars, include traditional and new approaches in an interdisciplinary perspective and are representative of the multiplicity of approaches to translation studies, from the literary, to the linguistic, from the cognitive to the cross-cultural, from the descriptive to the applied and to the psychoanalytical. The range of topics covered and the exhaustive bibliography make this book a useful introduction but also provide new and stimulating readings for those already acquainted with the discipline.

'Metaphor' is the phenomenon whereby we talk and, potentially, think about something in terms of something else. In this book Elena Semino discusses metaphor as a common linguistic occurrence, which is varied in its textual appearance, versatile in the functions it may perform, and central to many different types of communication, from informal interaction to political speeches. She discusses the use of metaphor across a variety of texts and genres from literature, politics, science, education, advertising and the discourse of mental illness. Each chapter includes detailed case studies focusing on specific texts, from election leaflets to specialist scientific articles. Also included is a detailed consideration of corpus (computer-based) methods of analysis. Wide-ranging and informative, this book will be invaluable to those interested in metaphor from a range of disciplines.

This book presents computational mechanisms for solving common language interpretation problems including many cases of reference resolution, word sense disambiguation, and the interpretation of relationships implicit in modifiers. The proposed memory and context mechanisms provide the means for representing and applying information about the semantic relationships between entities imposed by the cultural context. The effects of different 'context factors', derived from multiple sources, are combined for disambiguation and for limiting memory search; the factors having been created and manipulated gradually during discourse processing.

This textbook provides a clear and concise introduction to computer architecture and implementation. Two important themes are interwoven throughout the book. The first is an overview of the major concepts and design philosophies of computer architecture and organization. The second is the early introduction and use of analytic modeling of computer performance. The author begins by describing the classic von Neumann architecture, and then presents in detail a number of performance models and evaluation techniques. He goes on to cover user instruction set design, including RISC architecture. A unique feature of the book is its memory-centric approach — memory systems are discussed before processor implementations. The author also deals with pipelined processors, input/output techniques, queuing modes, and extended instruction set architectures. Each topic is illustrated with reference to actual IBM and Intel architectures. The book contains many worked examples and over 130 homework exercises. It is an ideal textbook for a one-semester undergraduate course in computer architecture and implementation.

This fifth edition covers the entire new IB syllabus including all options at both Standard and Higher levels. It includes a chapter on the role of physics in the Theory of Knowledge along with many discussion questions with answers. There is a range of questions at the end of each chapter with answers at the back of the book. The book also includes worked examples and answers throughout, and highlights important results, laws, definitions and formulae. It has also been updated to include coverage of Particle Physics, Simple Harmonic Motion, Global Environment, Digital Technology and Communication.

A collection of photocopiable activities specially written for ESOL teachers, based on and clearly referenced to the Adult ESOL Core Curriculum. Adapting traditional materials to make them relevant for your ESOL lessons takes precious time and considerable effort. ESOL Activities takes the hard work out of lesson preparation with a selection of activities based on, and clearly referenced to, the Adult ESOL Core Curriculum. Written by experienced ESOL teachers, each volume offers carefully selected skills activities ideal for students of general ESOL courses in the UK and Ireland, as well as learners preparing for the UK Skills for Life examinations, ESOL for Work examinations and government citizenship tests. Each of the activities is free-standing, and comprehensive teacher's notes give a clear indication of the preparation required, as well as suggestions for adapting the tasks for different learning abilities. There are also self-study exercises linked to every activity, which are perfect for use as ready-made homework tasks. This volume is suitable for Entry Level 3.

A fully updated version of the best-selling Essential Grammar in Use, available with a substantial new CD-ROM for additional interactive practice. Essential Grammar in Use Third edition is a fully updated version of the bestselling grammar title. Now in full colour, with new content and even more exercises, this updated edition retains all the key features of clarity and ease-of-use that have made the book so popular with students and teachers. An exciting and substantial brand new CD-ROM offers a wealth of extra practice material, covering all the language in Essential Grammar in Use Third edition. The CD-ROM includes: hundreds of practice exercises; customized tests targeting specific language areas; additional conversation activities; a range of engaging games with downloadable updates; audio recordings of all the main exercises; listen, repeat and record function; built-in dictionary with full definitions of all key vocabulary.

Business Benchmark is a Business English course for BEC or BULATS and can also be used independently of these exams for general Business English courses. This course book provides advanced level students with business language and vocabulary, and provides training and practice for the BULATS test, using real BULATS test tasks provided by Cambridge ESOL. It includes a CD-ROM with a full BULATS practice test from Cambridge ESOL.

Business Benchmark is a Business English course for BEC or BULATS and can also be used independently of these exams for general Business English courses. This course book provides advanced-level students with essential business language and vocabulary, and provides training and practice for the BEC Higher exam, using real BEC exam tasks provided by Cambridge ESOL.

Business Benchmark is a Business English course for BEC or BULATS and can also be used independently of these exams for general Business English courses. This Teacher's Book contains answer keys, tapescripts, model writing compositions, information about the BULATS test and the BEC exam, teaching notes and extra activities.

A photocopiable resource packed with a variety of ready-to-use PET-level activities and exam practice tasks with tips, making it ideal for PET candidates and general English learners alike. The book is organised by paper type, giving teachers a flexible resource that they can tailor to their students' specific needs.