A vivid account of the literary culture of the Spanish-speaking Americas from the time of Columbus to Latin American Independence, this Very Short Introduction explores the origins of Latin American literature in Spanish and tells the story of how Spanish literary language developed and flourished in the New World. A leading scholar of colonial Latin American literature, Rolena Adorno examines the writings that debated the justice of the Spanish conquests, described the novelties of New World nature, expressed the creativity of Hispanic baroque culture in epic, lyric, and satirical poetry, and anticipated Latin American Independence. The works of Spanish, creole, and Amerindian authors highlighted here, including Bartolome de las Casas, Felipe Guaman Poma, Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, and Andres Bello, have been chosen for the merits of their writings, their participation in the larger literary and cultural debates of their times, and their resonance among readers today.

Are companies, churches, and states genuine agents? Or are they just collections of individual agents that give a misleading impression of unity? This question is important, since the answer dictates how we should go about explaining the behaviour of these entities and whether we should treat them as responsible and accountable in the manner of individuals. Group Agency offers a new approach to that question and is relevant, therefore, in a range of fields from philosophy to law, politics, and the social sciences. Christian List and Philip Pettit take the line that there really are group or corporate agents, over and above the individual agents who compose them, and that a proper social science and a proper approach to law, morality, and politics have to take account of this fact. Unlike some earlier defences of group agency, their account is entirely unmysterious in character and, despite not being technically difficult, is grounded in cutting-edge work in social choice theory, economics, and philosophy.

Ethical and legal issues concerning physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia are very much on the public agenda in many jurisdictions. In this timely book L.W. Sumner addresses these issues within the wider context of palliative care for patients in the dying process. His ethical conclusion is that a bright line between assisted death and other widely accepted end-of-life practices, including the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, pain control through high-dose opioids, and terminal sedation, cannot be justified. In the course of the ethical argument many familiar themes are given careful and thorough treatment: conceptions of death, the badness of death, the wrongness of killing, informed consent and refusal, the ethics of suicide, cause of death, the double effect, the sanctity of life, the 'active/passive' distinction, advance directives, and nonvoluntary euthanasia. The legal discussion opens with a survey of some prominent prohibitionist and regulatory regimes and then outlines a model regulatory policy for assisted death. Sumner concludes by defending this policy against a wide range of common objections, including those which appeal to slippery slopes or the possibility of abuse, and by asking how the transition to a regulatory regime might be managed in three common law prohibitionist jurisdictions.

Why are there so few Muslim terrorists? With more than a billion Muslims in the world — many of whom supposedly hate the West and ardently desire martyrdom — why don't we see terrorist attacks every day? Where are the missing martyrs? In this startlingly counterintuitive book, a leading authority on Islamic movements demonstrates that terrorist groups are thoroughly marginal in the Muslim world. Charles Kurzman draws on government sources, public opinion surveys, election results, and in-depth interviews with Muslims in the Middle East and around the world. He finds that young Muslims are indeed angry with what they see as imperialism — and especially at Western support for local dictatorships. But revolutionary Islamists have failed to reach them, as can be seen from the terrorists' own websites and publications, which constantly bemoan the dearth of willing recruits. Kurzman notes that it takes only a small cadre of committed killers to wreak unspeakable havoc. But that very fact underscores his point. As easy as terrorism is to commit, few Muslims turn to violence. Out of 140,000 murders in the United States since 9/11, Islamist terrorists have killed at most three dozen people. Of the 150,000 people who die each day, worldwide, Islamist militants account for fewer than fifty fatalities — and only ten per day outside of the hotspots of Afghanistan, Iraq, and Pakistan. The real bulwark against Islamist violence, Kurzman finds, is Muslims themselves, who reject both the goals of the terrorists and their bloody means. With each bombing, the terrorists lose support among Muslims. Incisive and authoritative, The Missing Martyrs provides much-needed corrective to deep-seated and destructive misconceptions about Muslims and the Islamic world. The threat of Islamist terrorism is real, Kurzman shows, but its dimensions are, so far, tightly confined.

Dissonant Lives is not a standard 'history of Germany' in the twentieth century, or even of the German dictatorships. It is concerned with the ways in which Germans of different ages and life stages lived through the violent eruptions of the two world wars, and through the dictatorships of Nazism and then Communism that succeeded them. Mary Fulbrook explores the experiences and perceptions of selected individuals, analysing the ways in which major historical events, and changing structures of constraint and opportunity, affected the course of their lives and their outlooks. How did those who lived through this terrible period in German history interpret, confront, and respond to the multiple challenges of their times? How were they affected by the major economic, social, and political crises they lived through? How did living through Germany's second dictatorship, the German Democratic Republic, dominated by the communist power against whom the Germans had fought, affect behaviour patterns and social identities? And what implications did these experiences have for interpretations of the Nazi past? Dissonant Lives explores these important questions, seeking to view the dictatorial regimes of twentieth-century Germany from within. Taking a deeper look at the life stories of individual Germans from a range of periods and backgrounds, it provides a new understanding of the ways in which not only the character of the German state, economy, and social structure changed over the century, but also the very character of people themselves.

Stimulating activities within a graded syllabus. • It follows a carefully graded syllabus which allows for recycling of language. • A complete comic-strip adventure story runs through each book, featuring ace detective Captain Shadow. This provides a memorable context for new language and maintains motivation. • It involves children in a variety of other fun activities, such as songs, rhymes, games, and puzzles, which are all used to practise language in an enjoyable way. • It gives children a thorough grounding in listening, speaking, reading and writing.

Stimulating activities within a graded syllabus. • It follows a carefully graded syllabus which allows for recycling of language. • A complete comic-strip adventure story runs through each book, featuring ace detective Captain Shadow. This provides a memorable context for new language and maintains motivation. • It involves children in a variety of other fun activities, such as songs, rhymes, games, and puzzles, which are all used to practise language in an enjoyable way. • It gives children a thorough grounding in listening, speaking, reading and writing.

The long-awaited, totally new edition of the Advanced level, providing a real challenge and stimulus for Advanced learners. — Building on the original Headway Advanced grammar syllabus, challenging language work really stretches advanced learners. — Rich, thought-provoking texts and topics actively engage students and stimulate discussion. — A focus on features of spoken language extends and develops learners' language awareness. — In-depth study of lexis, with a focus on synonyms, collocation, and idiom, improves learners' command. — Streamlined units encourage a real sense of progress through the course. — Listening material from a range of sources, including broadcast material, commissioned interviews with famous people, and vox pops, exposes students to a variety of language. — A range of reading texts of different genres – newspaper articles, magazine extracts, literature – cater for various interests within a group

A four-level teenage course combining exciting new material with all the features that made the original Hotline so popular. — The unique loopback structure ensures constant revision and a realistic pace to the syllabus. A new photocopiable end-of-unit test for each unit consolidates the revision process. The grammar-based syllabus presents new structures using a problem-solving approach. This encourages students to think about how the language works and creates the basis for a deeper understanding of the structures. A new, comprehensive 'Grammar reference' section provides reinforcement. — It encourages students to develop learning strategies and take more control of their own learning. A new 'Learning to learn' feature begins each unit, sharpening the focus on learner development. — An engaging photostory about a group of British teenagers (Victoria Road) presents modern English in a lively and motivating way that invites cross-cultural comparisons. — Reading and listening topics have a balance of cross-curricular themes and teenage interest. — From Elementary level, guided writing sections are introduced to develop writing skills. — There is greater emphasis on pronunciation work, with expanded pronunciation activities and reading texts recorded on cassette to give useful pronunciation models. — Project work provides opportunities for students to practise all four skills and to apply English to their own personal worlds in motivating, creative ways. New 'Project workshops' provide more support for projects. — It is designed to be equally effective in mixed-ability classes with many activities, including interaction and project work, which allow students to work at their own pace and gain a satisfying sense of achievement. — It can be started at beginner level with New Hotline Starter or at false-beginner level with New Hotline Elementary where students have already studied some English and have a basic vocabulary.

A brand-new edition of the best-selling course, maintaining the successful core content but updated and refreshed. — Streamlined units, now at eight pages. They are easy to navigate, with clearly divided sections. — Fresh modern design, with an emphasis on maximum clarity on the page. — Every aspect of the previous edition has been reviewed. There are small changes to make activities run more smoothly, as well as major changes to text and topic. — The clear, systematic, effective grammar syllabus has been retained, but has been modified where necessary for even greater clarity. — Grammar Spots highlight key areas, getting students to analyse form and use. — Up-to-date texts with global appeal reflect changing trends and the use of English worldwide. — Challenging reading and listening texts from a variety of authentic sources develop comprehension skills and integrate speaking practice, usually personalised. — Writing now has a separate section at the back of the book, with a fuller syllabus, providing models and follow-up activities.

`New Headway English Course` takes the successful `Headway` series into an exciting new era. It introduces new features to challenge adult and young adult intermediate students and ensure that learning English is interesting and motivating. The course combines the best of traditional methods with more recent approaches, to help students use English both accurately and fluently. This new intermediate course provides approximately 120 hours of language learning. It fits neatly between `Headway Pre-Intermediate` and `Headway Upper-Intermediate`, and together with `Headway Elementary` and `Headway Advanced` provides a comprehensive language teaching series for today`s classrooms. Key features: New, universal topics selected from a variety of sources. Detailed treatment of grammar. Each unit starts with a quick `Test your grammar` section and clear `Presentation` text with a variety of controlled and freer practice exercises. `Grammar questions` encourage students to work things out for themselves and the `Language review` provides a summary of the unit`s main grammar points. Thorough skills syllabus. All four skills are developed systematically and activities are interwoven throughout the material in exciting new contexts. Well-defined vocabulary syllabus plus dictionary training and pronunciation practice, including the use of phonetics. Useful everyday English is practised in the new `Postscript` section. Appendices. Grammar reference section, Irregular verbs, Verb patterns. Index of the grammar structures, Phonetic symbols. This Workbook contains consolidation exercises, extra related grammar points, vocabulary sections, including multi-word verbs and prepositions, and pronunciation activities.

This complete, two-level course for young children just beginning to learn English combines a lively approach with a careful grading of language and content. Pupils are introduced to English through a variety of songs and activities. The Pupils Book makes extensive use of songs and rhymes, all of them specially written for the series. The Activity Book includes a range of drawing, writing and matching activities, which develop left to right orientation, letter recognition and eventually basic handwriting. The Handwriting and Numbers Books provide a clear and carefully controlled approach to English handwriting and basic number concepts. Finally, a full Teachers Book explains how to use each step and gives full guidance on the general course approach.

This complete, two-level course for young children just beginning to learn English combines a lively approach with a careful grading of language and content. Pupils are introduced to English through a variety of songs and activities. The Pupils Book makes extensive use of songs and rhymes, all of them specially written for the series. The Activity Book includes a range of drawing, writing and matching activities, which develop left to right orientation, letter recognition and eventually basic handwriting. The Handwriting and Numbers Books provide a clear and carefully controlled approach to English handwriting and basic number concepts. Finally, a full Teachers Book explains how to use each step and gives full guidance on the general course approach.

A two-level course for very young children with optional handwriting and number work. • It gives pupils that basic knowledge and feeling for English which is the foundation of successful learning. • It teaches pupils to say and understand a basic English vocabulary and a small number of useful expressions. • It teaches numbers and the letters of the alphabet and introduces pupils to the early stages of reading and writing. • It is based around enjoyable songs, rhymes and games, carefully matched to the interests of young learners. • It is suitable for use with large or small classes. • The core of the course at each level consists of the Pupil's Book and accompanying cassette. These can be used in conjunction with the Activity Book, Handwriting Book and Numbers Book.

A two-level course for very young children with optional handwriting and number work. • It gives pupils that basic knowledge and feeling for English which is the foundation of successful learning. • It teaches pupils to say and understand a basic English vocabulary and a small number of useful expressions. • It teaches numbers and the letters of the alphabet and introduces pupils to the early stages of reading and writing. • It is based around enjoyable songs, rhymes and games, carefully matched to the interests of young learners. • It is suitable for use with large or small classes. • The core of the course at each level consists of the Pupil's Book and accompanying cassette. These can be used in conjunction with the Activity Book, Handwriting Book and Numbers Book.

A two-level course for very young children with optional handwriting and number work. • It gives pupils that basic knowledge and feeling for English which is the foundation of successful learning. • It teaches pupils to say and understand a basic English vocabulary and a small number of useful expressions. • It teaches numbers and the letters of the alphabet and introduces pupils to the early stages of reading and writing. • It is based around enjoyable songs, rhymes and games, carefully matched to the interests of young learners. • It is suitable for use with large or small classes. • The core of the course at each level consists of the Pupil's Book and accompanying cassette. These can be used in conjunction with the Activity Book, Handwriting Book and Numbers Book.

A structural syllabus combined with child-centred activities. • It has a carefully graded, structural syllabus which provides steady progression in all four skills. • The emphasis on grammar and vocabulary acquisition is combined with many opportunities for lively communicative tasks. • New language is presented in context through picture stories and a variety of entertaining characters. Practice and reinforcement is provided by child-centred activities such as songs, rhymes, and games. • Colourful illustrations and photographs provide visual explanations and make the pages bright and attractive. • The clear presentation makes it suitable for use even in large classes. • The Get Set — Go! Alphabet Book is an optional component to accompany the series, which teaches children the Roman alphabet.

Get Set — Go! is a lively language course for children learning English for the first time. • Get Set — Go! has a carefully graded syllabus which provides steady progression in all four skills. The lower levels emphasize speaking and listening but also lay a foundation for the more demanding comprehension and story-writing skills in later levels. • Get Set — Go! is based around a variety of texts and activities, including entertaining stories, songs and games, which are all carefully matched to the interests of children. • Get Set — Go! Workbooks reinforce the language learnt in the Pupil's Books and include special revision sections. • Get Set — Go! Teacher's Books provide teachers with clear guidance and lots of extra ideas. They also include tests which record children's progress. • Get Set — Go! is easy to use and fun to use! Each level consists of: — Pupil's Book. — Workbook. — Teacher's Book. — Cassette. There are also flashcards at the first level.

The Upper-Intermediate level brought right up-to-date, with new topics, new features, and a revised syllabus which all aid real progress. — Vital core grammar consolidated and expanded in exploratory Language Focus sections. — New texts from a variety of sources provide the rich vocabulary input that learners need at this level. — New listening material exposes learners to wide-ranging examples of real spoken English. — New sections, the Music of English and Spoken English, highlight stress and intonation patterns and focus on features of informal spoken English to help learners boost their command. — Hot words and Hot verbs present and practise vital collocations. — New topics with international appeal deal with up-to-date issues that will engage learners.

An innovative, five-level beginner's course for young learners from the age of 10.